In Romans 16:1-16 the apostle Paul sends greetings to a number of his friends, co-workers, and acquaintances in Rome, a city which he had not yet visited. The list is extensive – almost thirty individuals are mentioned as well as several groups of people – and nowhere else in Paul’s letters do we find such a long catalog of names. As we read Romans today it is very easy to skim-read this list, noting the few names we may recognize and then moving on to the epistle’s conclusion. But there is more to the list than immediately meets the eye, and like everything in Paul’s writings, we can learn from it.
First, of course, we see in this long list of individuals the degree to which Paul was truly a “people person” – knowing, remembering and greeting a large number of people in a city he did not even know. Because of his constant travel and evangelization Paul must have met a great number of people, and it is impressive that he remembered not only the names of the people on his list, but also their qualities.
Looking at what Paul says about these people is also instructive. Phoebe, who is mentioned first in Romans 16:1-2, was probably the person who delivered Paul’s letter to Rome and the apostle’s greetings only begin after she is mentioned. Paul then specifically greets some twenty-eight individuals. Rather than just being an extensive list of greetings with an occasional comment thrown in here and there, however, if we look closely, we see a clear pattern. Paul refers to the people he lists in seven different ways:
1. Those Paul calls “beloved.” Paul was well aware that God referred to his own son as “beloved” (Colossians 1:13) and doubtless did not use the expression lightly. He mentions only three people this way.
2. Those Paul says “worked hard” or “worked very hard” doing God’s work – only three individuals.
3. Individuals mentioned as simply being “fellow workers” – three people.
4. People who are named as being fellow Christians – “in Christ,” “in the Lord,” or a similar expression – five individuals.
5. Those who had personally helped Paul in some way – “been a mother to me,” “risked their lives for me” – three individuals.
6. Individuals who Paul simply notes as being fellow Jews – two individuals who are also mentioned as being in Christ and one individual who is only noted as a fellow Jew.
7. Those who are simply named, or mentioned as being in someone’s family – more than ten individuals. Although they were doubtless Christians, they are included in the list without any qualifying remarks to show that they had any outstanding characteristics.
What is interesting about Paul’s listing of these individuals is the fact that the majority of the people he greets are simply Christians – individuals Paul doubtless loved and cared for, but did not remember as being outstanding in their service of God or others. Those in group 4, who are specifically mentioned as being “in Christ,” seem to have perhaps been more devout – but overall, well over half of the people Paul greets are not given any special commendation.
When we then subtract the individuals who are mentioned as having helped Paul personally and those whom he calls “beloved” (but who we are not told why they are so regarded), the remaining people in Paul’s list are the ones he shows were most actively involved in doing the work of God. These remaining six individuals are said to be “fellow workers,” “those who work hard,” and “those who work very hard.”
We cannot know whether Paul was subconsciously or consciously “grading” these people as he greeted them, but it is clear that they were a minority among the larger group of Christians Paul greeted in his epistle, and that there was a difference in Paul’s mind between the individuals he mentions. It is also hard to imagine Paul – who wrote so carefully and deeply – as not including the public grading of individuals without having a purpose in doing so. Perhaps that purpose was for the good of those whom he greeted, but perhaps it was for our good, also. We can all ask ourselves which group Paul would have included us in.
