Global warming continues to be a topic provoking concern, debate, and cries for action among many. We are used to meteorologists making accurate forecasts of the temperature even a number of days in advance – often to the precise degree – and so we may be concerned when climatologists forecast dangerous temperature changes.
But what would you think about a forecast that predicted temperatures several thousand years in advance?
Some two thousand years ago Jesus of Nazareth made such a forecast regarding moral and ethical temperature declines at the end of the present age, saying: “Because of the increase of wickedness, the love of most will grow cold” (Matthew 24:12).
Perhaps there has always been evil in this world and a resulting coldness in human hearts and interactions, but Christ clearly stated that there would come a time when the love of most would grow cold. The Greek expression (ton pollon) translated “of many” in some Bibles is better translated – as in the NIV – “of most” or “of the majority,” showing that this coldness was something that would eventually be widespread and would be the norm rather than the exception.
Spiritually, the problem our world faces is not global warming, but global cooling. We see this moral chill every day in news reports not only of atrocities committed by religious and political fanatics, but also hate crimes against total strangers, and even violence by parents against their own children and spouses against each other. Just as frightening is the fact that the immediate context of Christ’s forecast is not necessarily only talking about the unconverted of the world – it seems to apply to religious people as well.
If you or I heard a forecast of impending unbelievably cold physical temperatures, we would doubtless take action to do what we could to survive the situation and help offset the cold as best we could. But do we take Christ’s moral forecast seriously enough to take action in that regard? And what, if anything, can we do to offset the growing lack of love this world seems even now to be experiencing – and which also unavoidably affects Christians?
Fortunately, the same book that forecasts the cooling of love indicates things we can do to turn that climate change around, even if only in our own lives. Consider these four Christian climate warmers:
1) Forgiveness: The Gospel of John tells us the story of the woman who anointed Christ in the home of a disapproving Pharisee. Jesus told the Pharisee that although the woman had sinned much in her life, those who are forgiven much, love much (John 7:46-47). We can apply that principle to ourselves in terms of looking at those around us in the moral wilderness in which we live. As society worsens around us, it’s easy to become judgmental – like the Pharisee – if we are not careful. But reminding ourselves of how much we have been forgiven can help us feel and show more love to those whose lives are still in the grip of sin.
2) Prayer: We can and should be praying for God’s love, of course, but sometimes we have to remind ourselves to break that prayer down. Something that can help in this regard is to put names to the prayer. Praying for help to love person X and Person Y can be far more effective than praying for the “idea” of love. Try it and see for yourself.
3) Study: Regularly studying the life of Christ may be one of the most valuable climate warmers at our disposal. Actually seeing God’s love in living everyday action through the Gospel accounts of the life of Jesus shows us love in a way in which we don’t usually see it. It can help us by providing both a model and an inspiration. Notice these words of the apostle Paul: “… the goal of our instruction is love that comes from a pure heart, a good conscience, and a sincere faith” (1 Timothy 1:5 CSB). Frequently focusing our study of God’s word on the topic of love becomes more important the colder society becomes around us.
4) Encouragement: The book of Hebrews contains these important words: “And let us consider how we may spur one another on toward love and good deeds … encouraging one another—and all the more as you see the Day approaching” (Hebrews 10:23-25). These verses make it clear that encouraging one another is directly related to spurring one another to love. The fact that this is said to be all the more vital as we see the end of the age approaching ties directly to Christ’s warning of the love of the majority growing cold in the last days.
In some ways these pointers seem so very basic, yet they are so very true. The Bible is clear that love is increased, fanned like a flame, by these specific things – and each one is something we can do personally if we are determined to do so. The important thing for us in the cooling world in which we live is to be sure to utilize these principles – to increase the love in our lives – and not to become numbed by the cold around us.
For the ancient Romans, being “two faced” was not a negative thing suggesting hypocrisy as in our culture. The pagan Romans had their two-faced god Janus who presided over beginnings and transitions, endings and time. Janus was particularly associated with beginnings such as the new year (though there is indication the month of January was not named after him, as popularly believed, but rather after the goddess Juno).
Janus’ two faces looked back and forward – both over what had happened in the past as well as toward what lay ahead. It seems that there is something in human nature that tends to do this – to look back as much as we look forward.
After all, what we will be and do is so often the product of what we have been and have done. Yet this is the very attitude that the apostle Paul argues against in telling us “ … I do not consider myself yet to have taken hold of [salvation]. But one thing I do: Forgetting what is behind and straining toward what is ahead” (Philippians 3:13). There is physical evidence that this is a good idea. Despite the fact that many regard New Year’s as a time of celebration and partying, it is also, tragically, a time of many suicides each year. The reason for a great many of those suicides – where it is known – is usually not because of fear of the future, but because of discouragement and sorrow over the past.
There is certainly nothing wrong with remembering lessons learned in the past and in reminiscing on times with loved ones and good things such as blessings we have received. However, both the Bible and modern psychology make it clear that there is nothing to be gained by staring at the negatives of our past, and this is especially true at this time of year. Focusing two ways – looking as much backward as forward – is just another way of being “double minded,” which we know the Bible also tells us not to be (James 1:8).
We know the old clichés: “Focusing on the past is like driving your car with your eyes on the rearview mirror,” “If the past calls, don’t answer – it has nothing new to say,” and so on, but they really are true. While Christians, hopefully, are not at as high a risk of situational depression as many less fortunate individuals, remembering the problems of our past – all the way up to yesterday – can distract us from where we should be going. Those old Janus statues illustrate this. The face that looks back cannot see the future, and the face that looks forward cannot see the past. It’s a useful analogy to remember as we go into each new year and every new day.
At this time of year, many people involve themselves in exchanging gifts with family and friends, but when it comes to wider giving they may only go as far as giving small change to store charities, or making one-time “end-of-year” tax deductible charitable gifts. But the Bible and the history of the Christian Church show that real giving is much broader and deeper than these surface level aspects of generosity.
Sadly, many people take the attitude that if they gave recently, they are “off the hook” – an “I gave at the office” attitude of only giving occasionally and when necessary. Some have even misused Jesus’ statement that “the poor you will have always with you” (Matthew 26:11) as if it means we need not give to them; but Jesus was simply quoting the scripture that says “There will always be poor people in the land” (Deuteronomy 15:10–11), and the emphasis of these verses is that there will always be a need to give. As a result, if our giving is truly generous it will be continual. History provides an inspiring example of such true Christian giving.
During a great persecution of Christians enacted during the latter part of the reign of the Roman emperor Diocletian (AD 284 to 305), Imperial troops were sent to seize the possessions of a church in the city of Cirta (present day Constantine in Algeria) in North Africa. The soldiers were doubtless delighted to find some items of gold, silver, and bronze – the chalices, urns, lamps, candlesticks and other small items used in the church’s worship services. The exact value of these metal objects is not known, but it is clear that they did not represent substantially more than what was in use by the church in its day-to-day functioning.
However, the soldiers were suspicious that there were so few books in the church, so they searched the homes of the church leaders and found a total of 37 manuscripts, which the Christians had hidden. Clearly, the manuscripts regarding the faith were of much greater value in the eyes of these Christians than the gold and silver furnishings that had been left in plain sight in the church.
But in an inner storeroom within the church building the soldiers also found goods of a different kind. An Imperial document dated May 19, AD 303, lists these hidden-away treasures: 82 women’s tunics, 38 capes, 16 men’s tunics, 13 pairs of men’s shoes, 47 pairs of women’s shoes, and 19 peasants’ wraps (Journal of Early Christian Studies, 16:3, 2008, 341–369, p. 350). These carefully amassed items of clothing were being collected to help the poor, the widows, and the destitute of the city. Certainly the church had a few valuable vessels for use in its worship, but the value of the items was appropriate for their intended use (2 Timothy 2:20). What is clear is that the treasures of this church were its documents of faith, and what was being amassed was being gathered for others.
Surely, this has often been the case. For every church infected with the spirit of mammon there have been others – and frequently many others – infused with the heart of Christian giving. Although Acts 5 itself gives prominent mention to the cautionary record of Ananias and Sapphira, we should remember that their story follows directly on the heels of the statement that:
God’s grace was so powerfully at work in them all that there were no needy persons among them. For from time to time those who owned land or houses sold them, brought the money from the sales and put it at the apostles’ feet, and it was distributed to anyone who had need (Acts 4:33-35).
Sometimes we need to remind ourselves of these facts of history when we are dismayed by the failings of some in our own age who use Christianity for personal gain (1 Timothy 6:5).
The story of how the Christians of Cirta collected great quantities of goods – clearly in an organized and ongoing way – for continuing distribution to the poor also carries an important lesson. The gathering for others by those Christians was not moved by some urgent but momentary event, but was evidently based on giving in a continuing manner to help with the ongoing needs of many. Ongoing giving of this type is one of the clearest aspects of generosity in the Bible. It is the kind of giving God instituted in the Old Testament tithing system, including the so-called third tithe which was given by Israelites every third year to help the less fortunate and those in need (Deuteronomy 14:28–29). In the New Testament, this kind of ongoing giving is implied in Jesus’ words:
Do not store up for yourselves treasures on earth … But store up for yourselves treasures in heaven … For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also (Matthew 6:19-21).
In these words, the expression “store up” does not mean to simply put aside in one single action; it means to put aside, hoard, or build up in a continuing manner. That is a central part of true generosity – that we never allow ourselves to feel that we have helped at some point so need not do more. Generous giving is continually giving as we are able and as long as there is a need (2 Corinthians 9:11).
Another reminder we can take from the story of Cirta is that it is good to remember physical things are never our most valuable possessions. The most important treasures of the earliest believers, of the Christians of Cirta in AD 303, and of many churches throughout history were really their faith and their love for God and for their neighbors. These too were treasures the Christians of Cirta shared with others continually. We should pray that our true treasures are the same – and that we will not forget to continue to share them, also.
*The material in this blog post was condensed from one of the chapters in our free e-book, The Way of Giving. You can download a copy without charge here.
The Ten Commandments are fascinating from many perspectives, some of which we may not be aware of, no matter how familiar we may be with these laws. A good example of this is the fact that each commandment is not only instructive in its obvious meaning and application, but many of the commandments have a “second side” – a different aspect of the principle they teach that is equally valid yet often overlooked.
Take the tenth commandment – “You shall not covet…” (Exodus 20:17), which we usually understand as wrongful desire of something that is not ours. This is the sense of the principle that Jesus combined with the commandment against adultery – saying “anyone who looks at a woman lustfully has already committed adultery with her in his heart” Matthew 5:28). Understood this way, coveting applies to our desire for things that we do not have – someone else’s, house, mate, or whatever.
But there is another aspect to coveting that is almost the exact opposite of wanting something belonging to someone else: being unwilling to let go of something that is ours. An Old Testament example of this is found in the story of Nabal, the rich but unthankful and ungiving man who refused to give David and his men food after they had helped him (1 Samuel 25). Although he is described as being “very rich,” Nabal would not part with any of his property and is said to have suffered a heart attack when he found out that his wife had given away some of his ample food supplies.
In the New Testament we have a similar story of the rich you man who said he would follow Christ, but who turned away when Jesus suggested he give what was his to those in need. Another famous New Testament example, of course, is that of Ananias and Sapphira, in Acts 5:1-11, which tells of a couple who, after selling a piece of property they said they were giving to the church, lied about the amount they gave because they wanted to keep some back.
In all these stories, and many more in the Bible, we find examples of individuals who had more than they needed, yet who could not bring themselves to give away even part of what was theirs. This is simply the “reverse side” of coveting – of wrongfully wanting what is ours to the point that we will not or cannot give it even to those in need. That is why Proverbs 11:24 tells us: “One person gives freely, yet gains even more; another withholds unduly, but comes to poverty.” What the proverb calls “withholding unduly” is the inability to give that is simply another form of coveting.
That is why Jesus warned his disciples “Watch out! Be on your guard against all kinds of greed [or “covetousness” as many versions translate this word]; life does not consist in an abundance of possessions” (Luke 12:15). Notice that in saying this, Jesus warned against “all kinds of greed” and was speaking not only about things that people did not have and coveted, but also things that they had.
Paul, too, warns us that we should not give “reluctantly or under compulsion” (2 Corinthians 9:7). If we are reluctant to give, or even if we give, but our hearts are not in it, we can be guilty of coveting. Certainly, that is an attitude that does not please God – as Paul also tells us in the same verse, “God loves a cheerful giver.”
So the principle of not coveting is far wider than we often presume. Just as much as it forbids our wanting something that is not rightfully ours, the tenth commandment implies that we are equally responsible not to covet by being unwilling to help others by giving of what we have.
One of the most important ideas emphasized in the New Testament is the concept of the “spirit of the law” – the idea that we must keep the deeper meaning or intent of a law, not just its literal “letter of the law” application. The example that comes immediately to mind, of course, is that of Christ’s words regarding the commandment forbidding adultery: “You have heard that it was said, ‘You shall not commit adultery.’ But I tell you that anyone who looks at a woman lustfully has already committed adultery with her in his heart” (Matthew 5:27–28).
We all know this example, and recognize its importance, but we may not have taken the time to work through the other nine commandments and to systematically think out in each case what the spirit of the law – what some call its extended application – might involve in our Christian lives. In this article we look briefly at each commandment in terms of how we are to keep its spirit and intent.
1. “You shall have no other gods before Me.” Jesus showed us the intent of this law when he said “You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind. This is the great and first commandment” (Matthew 22:37–38). This shows us that this law is not just about worship, but also about whom we love above all – do we love ourselves, others, or God first?
2. “You shall not make idols.” Where the first commandment tells us to worship the right God, the second commandment tells us to worship God the right way. In its intent, this law tells us that anything – even an aspect of our religion – can become an idol if we let it come between us and God.
3. “You shall not take the name of the LORD your God in vain.” We usually think of this law as applying to what we say – as in using God’s name inappropriately (Leviticus 24:16; etc.), but the word vain (as it is rendered in the KJV, ESV, etc.) can also mean “worthless,” or “to make of no value.” Thus, the Old Testament tells us that people “profaned God’s name” who touched the holy things (Leviticus 22:2), offered sub-standard offerings to God (Malachi 1:10–14), or even sacrificed their children to Molech (Leviticus 18:21). The spirit of this law covers anything we might do that devalues God.
4. “Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy.” The spirit of this commandment is that we must honor God with our time. Jesus went out of his way to heal on the Sabbath Day (Mark 3:1–6; etc.), showing the rest God calls us to is not just about what we don’t do, but also about what we do.
5. “Honor your father and your mother.” The spirit of this commandment does not involve anything substantially different from its basic meaning – rather the difference is one of extent. It is easy to think of the command applying to children, but the Bible shows that its ongoing application should be something we do throughout our lives – as long as our parents live and even beyond – continuing to respect their memory.
6. “You shall not murder.” Jesus showed us the spiritual application of this commandment by emphasizing that we must not break it by letting anger control us: “You have heard that it was said … ‘You shall not murder, and anyone who murders will be subject to judgment.’ But I tell you that anyone who is angry with a brother or sister will be subject to judgment” (Matthew 5:21).
7. “You shall not commit adultery.” We already mentioned the spiritual application of this law in Jesus’ saying that “anyone who looks at a woman lustfully has already committed adultery with her in his heart” (Matthew 5:28). Clearly, the spirit of this law applies to pornography and anything that is lust-inciting.
8. “You shall not steal.” The indirect or spiritual extent of this law involves not just taking something that is not ours, but also not paying what we should – whether that is not paying taxes we should pay or withholding any form of payment that is due to others. “Indeed the wages of the laborers … which you kept back by fraud, cry out” (James 5:4).
9. “You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.” Anything that willfully or carelessly deceives others is breaking the spirit of this commandment. So the spirit of this law forbids not only exaggeration and lying, but also slander (Matthew 15:19; etc.), gossip (Psalm 15:3; etc.), and even flattery (Romans 16:18; etc.).
10. “You shall not covet.” This final commandment may seem as though it is already stated at the spiritual level and that is true to an extent. But there is also an indirect aspect to the law – we can covet not only by wanting something that is not right for us to want, but also by not wanting to give up what we ourselves have. When the rich young ruler asked Jesus what he must do to gain eternal life, Jesus listed all the commandments pertaining to love of our neighbor – except coveting. Then when the man said he had kept these laws, Jesus replied “go, sell all that you have and give to the poor” (Mark 10:21). Jesus recognized that the individual still coveted in being unwilling to give up what he had.
Ultimately, when Jesus said that love of God and others is the fulfilling of the law (Matthew 22:36–40) he was summarizing the spirit of the law. But thinking a little on how we apply love to God and others by keeping the spirit of the individual laws can help us fulfill their broader goal. And this is far from just a theological exercise. While we tend to judge ourselves by the letter of the law, the Bible makes it clear (Matthew 5:21; etc.) that God judges us not just by the letter, but also by the perfect spirit of the law.
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